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By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when

英语试题 05-05

8. B    9. B    10. D    11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。到目前为止,关于“你并不特别”的演讲的越来越多,虽然许多父母抗议这种话语,但是我们的年轻人实际上并不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。很多研究发现,这种夸大的自我判断,而恰恰是在我们最不能胜任某项任务的时候,我们才会对自己的表现给出最慷慨的评价。文章分析了能力不够的人的一些表现,以及摆脱这种困境的方法。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文his ego-puncturing words. But lost in the anger and protest was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they're particularly talented or accomplished or not.可知,但在愤怒和抗议中迷失是我们真正应该铭记在心的事情:我们的年轻人实际上并不知道他们是否特别有才华或有成就。由此判断处出席典礼的父母们——以及互联网上的许多其他父母——都对他的自我伤害言论提出了争议。所以划线短语意思为“对……有争议”。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it's not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.可知我们急于提升他们的自尊,却忘了教他们如何实际地评估自己的能力,而这是学好数学、音乐、体育等任何学科的关键要求。事实上,不仅仅是那些享有特权的高中生:我们都倾向于认为自己高于平均水平。由此判断出,在作者看来,年轻人无法合理地定义自己的问题不应该被忽视。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was "metacognitive skill": the capacity to monitor how well they're performing.可知这些人所缺乏的(除了清晰的逻辑、正确的语法和幽默感之外)是“元认知技能”:监控自己表现的能力。由此可知A选项“他们缺乏监控自己表现的能力”文章提到了;第三段中In Dunning and Kruger's study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor "extremely overestimated" their talents.可知在Dunning和Kruger的研究中,在逻辑、语法和幽默测试中得分最低的受试者“极度高估”了自己的才能。由此可知,B选项“”文章提到了;根据第二段中People who are incompetent, he writes with co-author Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they're not good at what they do, and their ineptness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.可知他与合著者Justin Kruger写道,能力不够的人承受着“双重负担”:他们不擅长自己的工作,而他们的无能使他们无法认识到自己有多糟糕。由此可知C选项“他们往往无法确切知道自己有多糟糕”文章提到了;只有D选项“他们在测验和考试中不够聪明”文章没有提到。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others.Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don't possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish(首先,我们可以学会诚实地与他人比较,训练自己认识到优秀,即使你自己没有,并将你能做的和真正优秀的人能完成的进行比较)以及后文Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you're doing, but just what it is that you're doing wrong.Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.(找一个批评者,他不仅会告诉你你做得有多糟糕,还会告诉你你做错了什么。利用这些外部反馈,准确地找出你是在何时何地把事情搞砸的。)由此判断出,变得特别的策略意味着我们需要内在的诚实对待自己,外在的诚实对待他人。故选C。
 
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