Compared to other causes of natural disasters, volcanoes offer clues only when they are about to eru
英语试题 08-04
Compared to other causes of natural disasters, volcanoes offer clues only when they are about to erupt. Now, however, developments in monitoring systems have allowed scientists to develop sensors to detect and forecast eruptions more accurately.
University of Cambridge volcanologist Marie Edmonds says that scientists are now able to use very accurate sensors to monitor the gases volcanoes give out, which can give clues on the location of the magma. The sensors help with prediction because different gases are released at different stages of an eruption. When magma rises, pressure is released along with gases. Carbon dioxide is released early on and then, as the magma goes higher, Sulphur dioxide is released. The ratio of the two gases is used to detect the location of magma relative to the surface, telling researchers the coming of the eruption.
Edmonds is connected to an international group known as the Deep Carbon Observatory that has worked to put new gas sensors on fifteen of the most active and dangerous volcanoes to improve the forecasting of various types of eruptions. The gas sensors continually measure water vapor, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. They are placed inside large boxes with surface antennae and buried underground. Advances in electronics have increased their accuracy and lowered their cost, allowing more of them to be used worldwide.
Putting these sensors atop active volcanoes is dangerous. Scientists wear reflective suits that protect against heat, plus gas masks for protection from dangerous gases. They sometimes hike long distances in remote areas to reach a site. However, according to Edmonds, the work they do to save people’s lives makes a dangerous job worth it. She enjoys doing something that helps people.
Edmonds’ team has also attached sensors to a certain plane to measure gases released from a Papua New Guinea volcano for a short time, a technique developed to gather “snapshots” of the activity. These snapshots help researchers to better understand activities that lead to eruptions.
12. How do sensors detect and predict volcanic eruptions?
A. By sending warnings to researchers. B. By testing different gases released.
C. By measuring the heat underground. D. By studying the surrounding gases.
13. What do we know about the gas sensors?
A. They should be attached to the magma. B. They are available around the world.
C. They become more accurate and expensive. D. They can check various types of eruptions.
14. Why is it risky to place sensors atop active volcanoes?
A. Active volcanoes may erupt at any time. B. It’s hard to find the top of volcanoes.
C. Scientists are short of enough suits and masks. D. There is heat and dangerous gases
15. What can the snapshots do?
A. Predict volcanic eruptions earlier. B. Attract people’s attention to volcanoes.
C. Collect more information for researchers D. Avoid the danger of the researchers’ work.
【答案】
University of Cambridge volcanologist Marie Edmonds says that scientists are now able to use very accurate sensors to monitor the gases volcanoes give out, which can give clues on the location of the magma. The sensors help with prediction because different gases are released at different stages of an eruption. When magma rises, pressure is released along with gases. Carbon dioxide is released early on and then, as the magma goes higher, Sulphur dioxide is released. The ratio of the two gases is used to detect the location of magma relative to the surface, telling researchers the coming of the eruption.
Edmonds is connected to an international group known as the Deep Carbon Observatory that has worked to put new gas sensors on fifteen of the most active and dangerous volcanoes to improve the forecasting of various types of eruptions. The gas sensors continually measure water vapor, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. They are placed inside large boxes with surface antennae and buried underground. Advances in electronics have increased their accuracy and lowered their cost, allowing more of them to be used worldwide.
Putting these sensors atop active volcanoes is dangerous. Scientists wear reflective suits that protect against heat, plus gas masks for protection from dangerous gases. They sometimes hike long distances in remote areas to reach a site. However, according to Edmonds, the work they do to save people’s lives makes a dangerous job worth it. She enjoys doing something that helps people.
Edmonds’ team has also attached sensors to a certain plane to measure gases released from a Papua New Guinea volcano for a short time, a technique developed to gather “snapshots” of the activity. These snapshots help researchers to better understand activities that lead to eruptions.
12. How do sensors detect and predict volcanic eruptions?
A. By sending warnings to researchers. B. By testing different gases released.
C. By measuring the heat underground. D. By studying the surrounding gases.
13. What do we know about the gas sensors?
A. They should be attached to the magma. B. They are available around the world.
C. They become more accurate and expensive. D. They can check various types of eruptions.
14. Why is it risky to place sensors atop active volcanoes?
A. Active volcanoes may erupt at any time. B. It’s hard to find the top of volcanoes.
C. Scientists are short of enough suits and masks. D. There is heat and dangerous gases
15. What can the snapshots do?
A. Predict volcanic eruptions earlier. B. Attract people’s attention to volcanoes.
C. Collect more information for researchers D. Avoid the danger of the researchers’ work.
【答案】
苏19057182-3号