中考英语一轮复习U7下5-8

【There be句型】
一、构成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were  )+名词+地点状语。例如：
There are fifty-two students in our class.
二、各种句式：
否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not a\an\any + n.（名词）。注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\an + n.（可数名词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。例如：
There are some oranges in her bag.
→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.
→There are no oranges in her bag.
  一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：　There is some money in her handbag. 
　　→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)
特殊疑问句：　　
There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：
① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： 
    There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree? 
    There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is \ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如： 
   There is a computer in my office.
→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office. 
   There are four children in the classroom.
→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom. 
    ③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：
如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：
There are twelve months in a year.
→How many months are there in a year?
如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：
There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in        
your purse?
反意疑问句：
There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如：
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?
There used to be no school here, used there \did there?

三、注意事项：

1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如：There is a basketball in the box.　
There is a little milk in the glass.　
如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。例如：
There are many birds in the tree.　
There were many people in the street yesterday.　
如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：　There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. 2.There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语 (如和将来时be going to\ will、现在完成时  have\has + pp. 、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点,也是历年中考试题中的一个考点.)。例如：
There must be a pen in the box.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
3.There be句型和have\has的区别：
There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：
桌子上有三本书. There are three books on the desk.
我有三本书. I have three books.
4. There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语. 例如：
There is a truck collecting rubish outside.
There is a wallet lying on the ground.
【地点介词at, in, on, under, behind, in front of, near用法】
介词又称为前置词，它不能单独作句子的成分，必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词类、短语构成介词短语才能充当句子成分。以下是一些常见方位介词的用法：
1. at表示\"在……处\"，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。如：
He isn\'t at school. He is at home. 他不在学校，他在家。
2. in表示\"在……内部；在……里面\"的意思。如：
What is in the box? 盒子里有什么？
3. on表示\"在某物的上面\"，但两者互相接触。如：
My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。
4. under表示\"在某物垂直的正下方\"，两者之间不接触。如：
My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。
5. behind表示\"在某物体的后面\"。如：
The broom is behind the door. 笤帚在门后。
6. in front of表示\"在......的前面\"，正好与behind相反。如：
There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。
7. near表示\"在某物体的附近\"，意为\"接近、靠近\"。如：
The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。
举例
—What’s on the table?
—___some bread on it.
A． There is    B． There are    C． We are    D． They are
【答案】A
【点睛】
there be句型需要主谓一致
be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。
Eg：There is a great Italian deli across the street.
穿过街道,有一家大的意大利熟食店。
There are some students in the dormitory.
在宿舍里有一些学生。
There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf.
架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.
架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。