阅读下面短文，回答文后的5个问题，并把答案写在答题卡上。每题答案不多于15词。
2018 Human Development Report
HDI: Human Development Index(人类发展指数)
[1] Looking back over almost three decades (十年), human beings have made impressive progress. Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances. The average lifespan(寿命) is seven years longer than it was in 1990, and more than 130 countries have improved their primary education.
[2] Although HDI values are rising, the rising rates differ greatly. South Asia was the fastest growing region over 1990–2017, at 45.3 percent, followed by East Asia and the Pacific at 41.8 percent. And the OECD(经济合作与发展组织) countries grew 14.0 percent. It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.
[3] But HDI growth has also slowed in all regions, particularly in the last decade. Part of the reason lies in the 2008–2009 global food, financial and economic problems. But part is simply that as human progress advances, slower HDI growth is unavoidable. As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.
[4] Progress since 1990 has not always been steady(稳定的). Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems. For example, many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia saw their HDI values fall in the 1990s due to the fall of the Soviet Union(前苏联). Although faced with these challenges, countries in these regions recovered their losses and grew over the last two decades.
[5] In sum, there have been great advances in human development over the past few decades, especially in low human development countries since 1990. But some countries have suffered serious setbacks—sometimes paying the price of the gains of several decades. And the gaps in human development across countries, while narrowing, remain huge.
51. What’s the present situation of people according to 2018 Human Development Report?
52. The fact of different rising HDI rates gives us hope to ______.
53. Compared with the HDI growth, what is more important?
54. How do wars, diseases or economic problems affect human development?
55. Which paragraph is the topic paragraph?
【答案】51. People are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.
52. reduce/narrow gaps across regions
53. (Measures of) the quality of human development.
54. They cause the progress of human development unsteady.
55. The last paragraph./Paragraph 5.
【解析】
本文是一篇研究报告。文章讲述的是2018年作出的对于人类发展情况的报告。尽管人类发展指数在上升，但上各个地区之间存在差距。粮食、战争、疾病、金融和经济问题等因素使人类发展面临很多挑战。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.”可知，在全世界范围内，人们的寿命更长了，受教育的程度更高了，并且生活中有了更好的机会。故本题答案为：People are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.”可知，这表明各个地区之间的差距有希望缩小。故本题答案为：reduce/narrow gaps across regions。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.”可知，随着越来越多的国家达到人类发展指数的上限，人类发展质量的衡量变得越来越重要。故本题答案为：(Measures of) the quality of human development.。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems.”可知，一些国家由于战争，疾病或经济问题遭受了巨大的损失甚至挫折。故本题答案为：They cause the progress of human development unsteady.。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段主要讲的是近三十年来，人类取得了令人瞩目的进步；第二段主要讲的是尽管人类取得了很多的进步，但地区间的差异仍旧很大；第三段主要讲的在最近十年中，人类发展由于粮食，金融和经济问题有所放缓；第四段主要讲的是：自1990年以来，人类发展并不总是稳定的。一些国家由于战争，疾病或经济问题遭受了巨大的损失甚至挫折；第五段主要讲的是：在过去的几十年中，人类发展取得了长足的进步，尤其是在1990年以来的人类发展指数较低的国家。但是，有些国家遭受了严重的挫折，有时付出的代价会将几十年来取得的成就抵消掉。各国之间人类发展的差距虽然在缩小，但仍然很大。因此文章最后一段对前几段内容进行了总结，因此文章的主题段落在此。故本题答案为：The last paragraph./Paragraph 5.。
2018 Human Development Report
HDI: Human Development Index(人类发展指数)
[1] Looking back over almost three decades (十年), human beings have made impressive progress. Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances. The average lifespan(寿命) is seven years longer than it was in 1990, and more than 130 countries have improved their primary education.
[2] Although HDI values are rising, the rising rates differ greatly. South Asia was the fastest growing region over 1990–2017, at 45.3 percent, followed by East Asia and the Pacific at 41.8 percent. And the OECD(经济合作与发展组织) countries grew 14.0 percent. It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.
[3] But HDI growth has also slowed in all regions, particularly in the last decade. Part of the reason lies in the 2008–2009 global food, financial and economic problems. But part is simply that as human progress advances, slower HDI growth is unavoidable. As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.
[4] Progress since 1990 has not always been steady(稳定的). Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems. For example, many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia saw their HDI values fall in the 1990s due to the fall of the Soviet Union(前苏联). Although faced with these challenges, countries in these regions recovered their losses and grew over the last two decades.
[5] In sum, there have been great advances in human development over the past few decades, especially in low human development countries since 1990. But some countries have suffered serious setbacks—sometimes paying the price of the gains of several decades. And the gaps in human development across countries, while narrowing, remain huge.
51. What’s the present situation of people according to 2018 Human Development Report?
52. The fact of different rising HDI rates gives us hope to ______.
53. Compared with the HDI growth, what is more important?
54. How do wars, diseases or economic problems affect human development?
55. Which paragraph is the topic paragraph?
【答案】51. People are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.
52. reduce/narrow gaps across regions
53. (Measures of) the quality of human development.
54. They cause the progress of human development unsteady.
55. The last paragraph./Paragraph 5.
【解析】
本文是一篇研究报告。文章讲述的是2018年作出的对于人类发展情况的报告。尽管人类发展指数在上升，但上各个地区之间存在差距。粮食、战争、疾病、金融和经济问题等因素使人类发展面临很多挑战。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.”可知，在全世界范围内，人们的寿命更长了，受教育的程度更高了，并且生活中有了更好的机会。故本题答案为：People are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances.。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.”可知，这表明各个地区之间的差距有希望缩小。故本题答案为：reduce/narrow gaps across regions。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.”可知，随着越来越多的国家达到人类发展指数的上限，人类发展质量的衡量变得越来越重要。故本题答案为：(Measures of) the quality of human development.。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems.”可知，一些国家由于战争，疾病或经济问题遭受了巨大的损失甚至挫折。故本题答案为：They cause the progress of human development unsteady.。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段主要讲的是近三十年来，人类取得了令人瞩目的进步；第二段主要讲的是尽管人类取得了很多的进步，但地区间的差异仍旧很大；第三段主要讲的在最近十年中，人类发展由于粮食，金融和经济问题有所放缓；第四段主要讲的是：自1990年以来，人类发展并不总是稳定的。一些国家由于战争，疾病或经济问题遭受了巨大的损失甚至挫折；第五段主要讲的是：在过去的几十年中，人类发展取得了长足的进步，尤其是在1990年以来的人类发展指数较低的国家。但是，有些国家遭受了严重的挫折，有时付出的代价会将几十年来取得的成就抵消掉。各国之间人类发展的差距虽然在缩小，但仍然很大。因此文章最后一段对前几段内容进行了总结，因此文章的主题段落在此。故本题答案为：The last paragraph./Paragraph 5.。
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