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Loneliness hurts. It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that

英语试题 05-25

24. C    25. B    26. A    27. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一项研究,表明孤独和饥饿都在大脑深处的一个部分共享信号,而这个部分的大脑支配着非常基本的奖励和动机冲动。所以,我们对连接的需求显然和我们对吃饭的需求一样基本。文章就这项研究是如何开展的进行了说明,以及这项发现的意义。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.可知但心理学家认为它之所以如此痛苦,是因为像饥饿和口渴一样,孤独就像一个生理上的警钟一样,给人敲响了生理上的警钟。由此可知,这份发表于3月26日的报告反映了孤独和饥饿之间的相似性。故选C。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中Some people are lonely in a crowd, while others enjoy solitude To induce not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M. to 7 P.M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.可知有些人在人群中是孤独的,而另一些人则喜欢孤独,为了诱发不只是客观上的孤独感,而是主观上的孤独感,研究人员让参与者在实验室的一个房间里度过他们的时间,从早上9点到晚上7点,没有电话、笔记本电脑甚至小说,以备虚构人物提供一些社会支持。拼图是允许的,因为是预先批准的非小说阅读或写作。由此可知,第四段主旨大意是参与者之间如何产生孤独感。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects’ self-reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.可知在扫描仪中,参与者看到的是他们喜欢的社交形式和他们最喜欢的食物的图像,以及鲜花的控制图像。然后发现,黑质体只对被剥夺的东西的线索作出反应。该反应的大小与受试者的自我报告的饥饿或孤独程度相关,尽管饥饿感持续较强。结合上文可知参与者是没有花的,由此可推知,参与者的黑质体对花的形象几乎没有反应。故选A。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition可知事实证明,经过训练的软件分类器能够识别禁食期间的神经模式,尽管它(软件分类器)从未“看到”过类似的神经模式,但它还是能够识别出社会隔离状态下的类似神经模式。由此可知,it指代是上文中的“软件分类器”,故选D。
 
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