Margaret Mead,the most famous anthropologist(人类学家）in the world,was born in the USA in 1901,the oldes
语文试题 01-17
Margaret Mead,the most famous anthropologist(人类学家）in the world,was born in the USA in 1901,the oldest of five children.Her father was a professor of finance and her mother was a sociologist.After studying psychology as an undergraduate,Mead began a PhD in the relatively new field of anthropology.Mead was particularly interested in primitive communities because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as"laboratories"that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.
Having travelled to Samon,a few tiny volcanic,tropical islands in the center of the Pacific Ocean,Mead gradually got interested in gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more strict in this area than primitive ones.For example,Americans tend to think of men as productive,sensible,and aggressive,while women are often told they're more light-hearted, peaceful,and nurturing.But in her 1935 book,Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies,
Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that in the Arapesh tribe,both men and women were peaceful and nurturing,while among the Mundugurnor tribe, men and women were both ruthless and aggressive.
Mead's striking conclusion is that it isn't gender that makes women curl their hair or listen to people's feelings,or race that makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors.Rather,it's the social expectations and norms that have laid the groundwork for each individual's psychological makeup."We must recognize,"she reminded her readers,"that beneath the superficial(表面上的）classifications of sex and race,the same potentialities always exist,occurring again generation after generation,only to perish because society has no place for them."
She is regarded as one of the most influential social scientists of the last century.People around the world mourned the death of Margaret Mead in 1978.A year later,the president of the United States,Jimmy Carter,honored the social scientist with America's highest award for civilians.
32.What can we learn about Mead from the text?
A.She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.
B. She majored in psychology and anthropology as an undergraduate.
C.She believed isolated cultures could expose forgotten ways of living to the modern world.
D. She discovered modern societies are less strict in gender roles than primitive ones.
33.It can be inferred from Mead's study in tribes that
A.the world is filled with separate cultures.
B. no gender characteristics are ever simply"human nature".
C.knowing another culture will help us reflect on our own.
D.social standards are responsible for individual's development.
34.What does the underlined word"them"in the third paragraph refer to?
A. Shared potential among humans.
B.Classifications of gender and race.
C.Social expectations and norms.
D. Individual's psychological makeups.
35.What's the passage mainly about?
A.The difference between men and women.
B.The recommendation of Mead's book.
C.The introduction about a great anthropologist.
D.The groundwork for each individual's makeup.
答案: CBAC
选自：School of life 体裁：记叙文，人与社会----文学、艺术和体育----人物传记---玛格丽特.米德（人类学家）；字数：305+179=483; 难度：中
解析：
32.C 细节理解题。从第一自然段“...because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as “laboratories” that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.”可以得出答案为C。
33. B 推理判断题。从第二自然段“But in her 1935 book, “Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies”, Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that ...”及第三段“Mead’s striking conclusion is that...”可以推断得出作者认为任何性别特征都不是简单的人性。
34. A 代词指代题。从第三自然段“the same potentialities always exist, occurring generation after generation, only to perish because society has no place for them.”可以看出them指的是the same potentialities,故选A。
35. C 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文作者是在向读者介绍著名的人类学家玛格丽特.米德。
Having travelled to Samon,a few tiny volcanic,tropical islands in the center of the Pacific Ocean,Mead gradually got interested in gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more strict in this area than primitive ones.For example,Americans tend to think of men as productive,sensible,and aggressive,while women are often told they're more light-hearted, peaceful,and nurturing.But in her 1935 book,Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies,
Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that in the Arapesh tribe,both men and women were peaceful and nurturing,while among the Mundugurnor tribe, men and women were both ruthless and aggressive.
Mead's striking conclusion is that it isn't gender that makes women curl their hair or listen to people's feelings,or race that makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors.Rather,it's the social expectations and norms that have laid the groundwork for each individual's psychological makeup."We must recognize,"she reminded her readers,"that beneath the superficial(表面上的）classifications of sex and race,the same potentialities always exist,occurring again generation after generation,only to perish because society has no place for them."
She is regarded as one of the most influential social scientists of the last century.People around the world mourned the death of Margaret Mead in 1978.A year later,the president of the United States,Jimmy Carter,honored the social scientist with America's highest award for civilians.
32.What can we learn about Mead from the text?
A.She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.
B. She majored in psychology and anthropology as an undergraduate.
C.She believed isolated cultures could expose forgotten ways of living to the modern world.
D. She discovered modern societies are less strict in gender roles than primitive ones.
33.It can be inferred from Mead's study in tribes that
A.the world is filled with separate cultures.
B. no gender characteristics are ever simply"human nature".
C.knowing another culture will help us reflect on our own.
D.social standards are responsible for individual's development.
34.What does the underlined word"them"in the third paragraph refer to?
A. Shared potential among humans.
B.Classifications of gender and race.
C.Social expectations and norms.
D. Individual's psychological makeups.
35.What's the passage mainly about?
A.The difference between men and women.
B.The recommendation of Mead's book.
C.The introduction about a great anthropologist.
D.The groundwork for each individual's makeup.
答案: CBAC
选自：School of life 体裁：记叙文，人与社会----文学、艺术和体育----人物传记---玛格丽特.米德（人类学家）；字数：305+179=483; 难度：中
解析：
32.C 细节理解题。从第一自然段“...because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as “laboratories” that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.”可以得出答案为C。
33. B 推理判断题。从第二自然段“But in her 1935 book, “Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies”, Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that ...”及第三段“Mead’s striking conclusion is that...”可以推断得出作者认为任何性别特征都不是简单的人性。
34. A 代词指代题。从第三自然段“the same potentialities always exist, occurring generation after generation, only to perish because society has no place for them.”可以看出them指的是the same potentialities,故选A。
35. C 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文作者是在向读者介绍著名的人类学家玛格丽特.米德。
苏19057182-3号